Nomenclature

Nomenclature

They are subdivided into alkyl, vinylic, aryl, and acyl halides.

To understand better this four concepts here are general ideas of this kind of halides.

In alkyl halides (haloalkanes) all four bonds to the carbon that bears the halogen are single bonds.

In vinylic halides (haloalkenes) the carbon that bears the halogen is doubly bonded to another carbon.

In aryl halides (haloaromatics) the halogen-bearing carbon is part of an aromatic ring.

In acyl halides (acid halides) the halogen-bearing carbon is doubly bonded to oxygen.

Two types of IUPAC nomenclature are used when naming organohalogen compounds: substitutive and functional class.

In substitutive nomenclature the prefix fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo- is added to the name of the hydrocarbon framework along with a number, identifying the carbon to which the halogen is attached.

Substituents, including the halogen, are listed in alphabetical order.

In Functional Class nomenclature two separate words are used when naming this halides.

The first word is the IUPAC name of the alkyl or alkene group and the second is the word fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide, this  word depending on the halogen. The hydrocarbon group chain is numbered beginning at the carbon to which the halogen is attached.